Fertility Tests Every Woman Should Know About (AMH, FSH, TSH & More)

Fertility is one of the most important aspects of women’s health, yet most of us don’t think about it until we’re actively trying to conceive. The truth is, your fertility health can be measured, tracked, and even preserved with the right medical guidance.

One of the most powerful steps you can take is getting a fertility check-up that includes hormone testing. These fertility tests for women reveal how well your ovaries are functioning, whether your body is ovulating regularly, and if other factors like thyroid health could affect your chances of conceiving.

This guide explains the essential fertility blood tests—what they mean, when to get them, and how they can help you make proactive decisions about pregnancy planning.

Why Fertility Testing Matters

Even if you’re not ready for pregnancy right now, knowing your fertility health has many benefits:

• Awareness, not anxiety: You’ll understand your baseline instead of waiting for a crisis.

• Proactive planning: If you plan to start a family later, these tests help you prepare.

• Treatment guidance: If there are challenges, your doctor can tailor a plan based on test results.

• Peace of mind: Knowledge often reduces stress, especially if you’re worried about your biological clock.

1. AMH Test (Anti-Müllerian Hormone)

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What it measures
AMH is released by small follicles in your ovaries. It reflects the size of your ovarian reserve—the number of eggs you have left.

Why it matters

• Low AMH can indicate diminished ovarian reserve.

• High AMH may suggest PCOS.

• Useful for planning pregnancy or considering egg freezing.

When to take it
AMH can be tested at any time in your cycle, as levels remain stable.

2. FSH Test (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

What it measures
FSH stimulates your ovaries to produce mature eggs.

Why it matters

• High FSH levels may mean your ovaries are not responding well.

• Helps assess egg quality and ovarian function.

• Usually interpreted alongside AMH and estradiol.

When to take it
On Day 2–3 of your menstrual cycle.

3. LH Test (Luteinizing Hormone)

What it measures
LH is the hormone responsible for triggering ovulation.

Why it matters

• Helps track ovulation and fertility windows.

• Imbalances can indicate conditions like PCOS.

• Sometimes combined with FSH for a fertility profile.

4. TSH Test (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

What it measures
TSH checks thyroid function.

Why it matters

• Both underactive (hypothyroidism) and overactive (hyperthyroidism) thyroids can interfere with ovulation.

• Thyroid disorders can increase miscarriage risk.

• Even subclinical imbalances may affect fertility.

5. Prolactin Test

What it measures
Prolactin regulates breast milk production.

Why it matters

• Elevated prolactin can stop ovulation.

• Often ordered if you have irregular periods or no periods at all.

6. Estradiol (E2) Test

What it measures
Estradiol is the main estrogen hormone in women.

Why it matters

• Reflects ovarian function.

• High or low levels may signal ovarian reserve issues.

• Interpreted with FSH for better clarity.

When to test
Day 2–3 of your cycle.

7. Progesterone Test

What it measures
Progesterone supports the uterine lining after ovulation.

Why it matters

• Confirms if ovulation has occurred.

• Low progesterone may cause irregular cycles or difficulty sustaining early pregnancy.

When to test
Around Day 21 in a standard 28-day cycle.

Additional Fertility Tests You May Encounter

Depending on your history, your doctor might also recommend:

• Ultrasound scan to check ovarian follicles and uterus.

• Genetic screening for inherited risks.

• Vitamin D, insulin, or glucose tests (especially if PCOS is suspected).

Who Should Consider Fertility Blood Tests?

Fertility testing isn’t just for couples struggling to conceive. You might benefit if:

• You’re over 30 and want to plan for future pregnancy.

• You’ve had irregular or absent periods.

• You have PCOS, endometriosis, or thyroid issues.

• You’ve been trying to conceive for 6–12 months without success.

FAQs

1. At what age should women start fertility testing?
Many experts recommend considering baseline fertility blood tests by age 30, or earlier if you have symptoms or family history of infertility.

2. Can fertility tests guarantee whether I’ll get pregnant?
No test can guarantee pregnancy. They give insights into ovarian reserve, ovulation, and hormone balance—but many other factors (partner’s sperm, lifestyle, uterine health) also matter.

3. Are fertility tests painful?
Most are simple blood draws and are not painful. Ultrasounds may be slightly uncomfortable but are non-invasive.

4. How much do fertility tests cost?
Costs vary widely—from $100 for a single test to $500+ for a complete fertility panel, depending on your clinic and country.

5. Can lifestyle affect fertility test results?
Yes. Stress, smoking, excessive alcohol, and poor diet can affect hormone levels.

Key Takeaways

• Fertility blood tests are one of the best tools to understand reproductive health.

• Core tests include AMH, FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone.

• Testing early provides clarity, reduces anxiety, and helps you make informed choices.

👉 Thinking about your future fertility? Book a fertility check-up to measure your hormone levels and ovarian reserve. Early action can make a big difference in your pregnancy journey.